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Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
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Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder and ADHD: Diagnostic Confusion Due to Co-Morbidity?

Fiona Mc Nicholas

Columbia University, USA & Guy’s Hospital, UK

Gillian Baird

Guy’s Hospital, UK

Bipolar disorder in children is more common than has been acknowledged previously. However, the clinical presentation, particularly when of early onset, is more often atypical, co-morbid with other conditions and lacking in discrete episodes compared with adult-onset illness. This article reviews the literature on pre-pubertal bipolar disorder, particularly when co-morbid with ADHD, using a Medline search and other sources. Four clinical cases are presented highlighting some of the diagnostic dilemmas associated with co-morbidity.

Key Words: ADHD • co-morbidity • early onset bipolar disorder

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Vol. 5, No. 4, 595-605 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/1359104500005004012
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